Syndrome X

Syndrome X or the Metabolic Syndrome describes a cluster of risk factors for heart disease and type 2 diabetes. It appears that a life style of "plenty to eat and not enough exercise" lies behind this already existing and rapidly increasing syndrome.

The cluster of risk factors commonly included in Syndrome X are:

• central obesity (waist circumference >102 cm [40 in] in men, >88 cm [35 in] in women);
• high blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides;
• high blood pressure; and
• insulin resistance.

Syndrome X probably starts with a genetic type that struggles with the demands of a lifestyle with a large food supply and limited physical activity. For some people, their bodies are showing signs of Syndrome X in adolescence for others it doesn't appear until middle or later life. Obesity, especially abdominal obesity seems to be an early sign, followed by insulin resistance.

A person who has Syndrome X is at much greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke.

If you have been diagnosed with any of the risk factors of Syndrome X, lifestyle changes such as those promoted by the Dietary Guidelines for Australians have been shown to be effective in treating overweight, elevated blood fats and high blood pressure. Studies also show that by losing 5-10% of body weight and increasing physical activity, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes can be significantly reduced.

There is some evidence to suggest that the types of carbohydrate foods eaten may influence the body's insulin requirements. Foods which have a low glycaemic index (GI), may be healthier than foods with a high GI.

If you already have symptoms of Syndrome X then your doctor may add medications to the prescribed lifestyle and diet changes.


For personal assistance with assessment of your diet and help with developing a healthy eating plan and lifestyle contact an Accredited Practising Dietitian .